Nationalism and the First World War free essay sample

A conversation of the nationalistic foundations of the First World War. This paper presents different clarifications why the First World War started, what were its essential drivers, and focuses especially on the centrality of the rising colonialism during the nineteenth century, most particularly among the European countries (Germany, Great Britain, and Austria-Hungary). The First World War was the first-historically speaking war that had brought incredible obliteration and required more noteworthy association of numerous nations, most particularly the European countries. Proof of the approaching universal war began during the mid nineteenth century, wherein colonization and fortifying of military force is the most predominant movement of every single European country around then. The World War I was said to have numerous causes, despite the fact that the most significant and progressively well known reason examined by antiquarians today is that the First World War began due to the rising colonialism among contending European countries. The war had two contending gatherings, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. We will compose a custom paper test on Patriotism and the First World War or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Triple Alliance was made out of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, while the Triple Entente was comprised of Great Britain, France, and Russia. These gatherings were not initially framed as a group of three; rather, every country got subsidiary with one another previously and over the span of the war. Probably the soonest collusion that were shaped (before the First World War) is the settlement among Germany and Austria-Hungary against Russia in 1879, which is then called the Dual Alliance (Spartacus Educational 2002). Different coalitions (that of the Triple Entente, specifically) were framed upon the statement of the war. Different countries that took an interest in the war, similar to Japan and the US, possibly partook when the war is now raising. Before the First World War, there is as of now strain between these nations (containing the Triple Alliance and Entente) due to succeeding occasions (pre-1914 occasions) that turned into the essential explanations behind the war to unavoidably start.

What is CPD and how is this relevant to the PG student Essay

What is CPD and how is this applicable to the PG understudy - Essay Example The paper tells that from a business discipline viewpoint, Boud and Hager characterize CPD as ‘a assortment of learning endeavors through which business experts maintain and progress all through their calling to ensure that they keep up their capacity to exchange viably, securely, and legitimately inside their creating extent of practice’. To put it plainly, CPD is the procedure through which experts proceed to learn and grow constantly in their professions to keep their insight and abilities forward-thinking and can exchange viably, securely, and legitimately. Authoritative methodology for the most part includes the whole association. Through group CPD, HR chiefs can guarantee that laborers complete their CPD hours. There are various favorable circumstances to executing CPD as a group. Be that as it may, there are weaknesses to CPD too. In hierarchical CPD rehearses, there is a huge accentuation on adaptability of arrangements and a solid requirement for straightforward ness and defense in making a judgment on arrangement and execution. From the viewpoint of an individual expert, the inquiry that should be tended to is: the thing that subjects CPD should address. The writing proposes: 1) condition and setting, 2) information, 3) practices and aptitudes, 4) human elements, 5) Professional qualities and characters, 6) dynamic, 7) ways to deal with recognizing adapting needs, 8) execution and acknowledgment. CPD is a procedure intended to assist experts with dealing with their individual advancement on a continuous premise. It is essentially purposed to enable experts, to reflect and survey what they realize. It's anything but a tick-box original copy recording singular starter preparing. It goes past that. Preparing and improvement are regularly utilized conversely, despite the fact that there is a differentiation.

Causes Of The Civil War - Free Essay Example

With African Americans leaving the gathering of Lincoln and white Southerners grasping it, the waiting stun waves from the Civil War, in the long run, drove the gatherings to reconstitute themselves in various ways that are still discussed today. Some say the prime reason for the Civil War was social rights, others say it was because of subjection. Southerners in 1861 were genuinely sure the war was about subjugation. At the core of a great part of the Souths issues was servitude. The South depended on subjection for work to till the ground. Numerous individuals in the North trusted that subjection wasnt right and shrewdness these were known as abolitionists; they needed bondage made unlawful all through the United States. Abolitionists, for example, John Brown, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and Harriet Beecher Stowe started to persuade an ever-increasing number of individuals of the shrewdness of subjugation. This made the South dreadful that their lifestyle would arrive at an end. The Southern states needed to attest their position over the government so they could abrogate bureaucratic laws they didnt bolster, particularly laws meddling with the Souths entitlement to keep slaves and take them wherever they wished. Another factor was regional extension; therefore, the South wished to bring servitude into the western domains, while the North was focused on keeping them open to whitework alone. In the interim, the recently framed Republican gathering, whose individuals were firmly restricted toward the westbound development of subjugation into new states, was picking up unmistakable quality. The decision of a Republican, Abraham Lincoln, as President in 1860 wrapped everything up. His triumph, without a solitary Southern appointive vote, was an unmistakable flag toward the Southern states that they had lost all impact. Feeling rejected from the political framework, they swung to the main elective they accepted was left to them: withdrawal, a political choice tha t drove straightforwardly to war. Slaves in the U.S., 1860 Pro-bondage advocates in California, for instance, needed captives to prospect for gold and assemble gold and silver mines. On the off chance that servitude was so vital toward the southern economy of cultivating, for what reason did just a single fourth of southerners claim slaves? For what reason were such huge numbers of noticeable southerners, for example, George Washington, George Wythe, and Thomas Jefferson contradicted, from a certain perspective to the foundation? Subjection, as well, was viewed as an ethical malice by a huge number of northern abolitionists who distributed papers and walked in the roads of residential areas and extensive urban communities conveying their bright pennants. Abraham Lincoln did not target cultivating and cotton in his contentions against bondage; he utilized ethical quality. He disclosed to one group of onlookers in Chicago in 1859 that, I think subjugation isnt right, ethically and politically. Lincoln told another gath ering of people that America couldnt be seen encouraging human servitude and broadcasting ourselves, in the meantime, the sole companions of human opportunity. And, obviously, in his legendary House Divided discourse he anticipated that the United States would be either all slave or all free. With the dread of the Civil War, the idea that slave work for cotton fields caused the Civil War has been fortified by reading material and anecdotal accounts for over a century. Students of history, notwithstanding, contend for a more nuanced, complex comprehension. The Civil War was battled for some reasons, not exclusively or even basically in view of the developing significance of cotton on southern homesteads.

Collegiate Sports Should Players Get Paid - 3146 Words

The biggest question in collegiate sports right now is should players get paid to play? Some argue it would destroy the amateurism in collegiate sports. If they are paid then they should be considered professionals. Others say it would help the students be able to support themselves while they are in college. They are getting a free education from a top university isn’t that enough? No and that’s why I say yes and that collegiate athletes should get paid to play sports because money is being made from the use of their talents and exploitation of their likeness. There is a lot of money being made by the NCAA and schools that have major programs in any sporting event. There are 460,000 students that participate in collegiate sports†¦show more content†¦Its purpose was to be a rules and regulating body for intercollegiate sports. Also to establish rules for recruiting and financial aid to athletes. And control the amount of money going to each school and various organizations. As television began to broaden our horizons and collegiate games were being able to be seen around the world the NCAA saw a major influx in money it was receiving after the 1980’s. Now almost every sports and championship is shown on networks such as ESPN, Fox Sports, CBS, and ABC. As of 2013 the NCAA made 912.8 million dollars in revenue from March Madness according to Indystar.com. NCAA.com shows that only 532 million was reimbursed to between the 3 collegiate divisions. With Division 1 receiving $497,600,000 while division 2 received 22 million and division 3 receiving 13 million to split between each of its number of schools in each division. This money is to be disbursed between 5 different categories: 39 % to the basketball fund, 26 % to grants and aid, 15% to student assistance, 13% to sports sponsorships, and 5% to academic enhancement. That leaves almost 380.8 million dollars left. 280 million goes to association programming, management, and surplus. That still leaves close to 100 million dollars of unused funds that the NCAA has left over. Even more considering that the NCAA make around $6 billion annually just from March

The Impact Of Gambling On The Australian Community

1. Introduction The gambling industry is big business in Australia, with Australians losing $15 billion on gambling last year (Tasmanian Gaming Commission, 2003). The industry has grown substantially in the last twenty years following the widespread introduction and legalisation of casinos and gaming machines. The proportion of household disposable income directed towards gambling has escalated, as has the amount of taxation revenue provided to governments from gambling. A number of parallels have been drawn between gambling and alcohol as both are legal for adults, heavily marketed, strongly regulated, provide substantial tax revenue, can be viewed as entertainment, and are deemed a matter of personal responsibility. This paper explores the concerns surrounding the role of gambling in the Australian community. It examines the extent to which gambling is an established part of industry at both the state and federal level and the manner in which gambling is regulated by various Australian governments. It provides analysis of both the positive and negative economic and social impacts of gambling in Australia. 2. What is Gambling? Gambling, defined by Talina Drabsch (2003), is the act of staking money on uncertain events driven by chance. It can be subdivided into two groups: wagering (racing and sports) and gaming (casinos, gaming machines, keno and lotteries). It has been a feature of the Australian lifestyle for over 100 years with the first official horse meeting being runShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Banning Pit Bull Terriers937 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Name: Kinwen Foo Student ID: Gec000009f Unit task: VU21482 Task 1 1. Banning Pit Bull terriers. Hour alcohol can harm communities Wind forms Climate change Alpine logging 2. 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This essay will ga in a greater knowledge of complex social disadvantages that must be recognised. In doing so studies, debates and solutions have the opportunity to gain further insight into how citizens value issues of poverty and disadvantage. While at the same time (Blakemore Warwick-Booth, 2013) understanding how Governments introduceRead MoreCasino Industry Analysis2292 Words   |  10 Pagesand 130 extra tables which would enable the capacity of Perth nearly as same as Crown Melbourne. The Executive Chairman, James Packer, was quoted as saying â€Å"This is not a great deal for me; this is a deal where I expect my share price to go down† (Australian Financial Review). In this essay, I will list all different types of business that run by Crown and describe them. 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The Effects of Online Newspapers on Newspaper Cicrulation free essay sample

Newspapers are journals for producing and retaining information and events. They are the primary medium from which people receive news. According to the Wikipedia, the newspaper is a scheduled publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising. Newspapers are usually printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as Newsprint. The printed product received at bookshops and newsstands may seem like a technological improvement from Johannes Gutenberg’s time. In fact, Gutenberg, a German Blacksmith (1398-1468) is often credited with the evolution of printing which is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. At present, technologies are indeed shaping the scope of news reporting all over the world, with Nigeria inclusive. In fact, technology has always been a metaphor for change in the media industries (Defleur and Dennis 1994:224). The fact however, is that newspapers are well into the technological age. Reporters dip into digitized data for source materials and write stories on computers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Online Newspapers on Newspaper Cicrulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Editors edit stories and lay out pages electronically. It is in final production that old technologies reign with multimillion naira presses that consume tons and tons of newsprint and barrels and barrels of ink. In delivery too, with minimum-wage vendors who are entrusted to get the papers to readers. This had made newspapers to lag. Hence, circulation figures have drooped so low in recent times. It is in the light of this that Press Baron, Rupert Murdoch, who once described the profits flowing from his stables of newspapers as â€Å"rivers of gold†, was quoted to have said several years later that â€Å"sometimes, rivers dry up†. In 2009, a study conducted revealed that the combined daily circulation of all Nigerian newspapers was less than 300000. These figures though was vehemently disagreed upon by Publishers considering the fact that circulation figures is a major factor which the advertiser uses to prepare a media plan. However, denying a thing does not make it false. The truth is that all newspapers in Nigeria today, have a combined daily circulation that is far less than that of Daily Times of Nigeria in 1980, when the population in Nigeria then was about half of what it is today (Popoola, 2010). Times are changing. In the vanguard of evolving trends in media practice and dissemination of news, newspapers are considering combining other options. The introduction of the internet has enabled newspapers to complement their importance by creating online versions of their newspapers. Online newspapers, according to Wikipedia, are newspapers that exist on the Worldwide Web. It is becoming more common for newspaper publishers to establish Web sites, and sometimes an Internet address is included in the publisher’s statement in print. The extent of online information offered by newspaper publishers varies greatly. Some offer online versions of their print issues, others offer their current top stories with additional Internet news services, and some offer only subscription and advertising information.

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms Essay Example

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms Essay PRACTICAL 6 Seed Plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe the features of seed plant life cycle and the concept of the dominant generation. 2. To describe the life histories and related reproductive structures of gymnosperms and angiosperms. 3. To summarize the features that distinguish gymnosperms and angiosperms. 4. To discuss the advantages of seed plants to dominate land and their evolutionary adaptations on land. EXPERIMENT 1: Gymnosperms INTRODUCTION: Gymnosperms (720 species in 65 genera) are ancient seed plants that include ginkgos (Division Ginkgophyta), cycads (Division Cycadophyta), conifers (Division Coniferophyta), and gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta). The term gymnosperm derives from the Greek wood roots gymnos, meaning â€Å"naked†, and sperma, meaning â€Å"seed†. They are naked-seeded plants meaning that the ovule, which becomes a seed, is exposed on the sporophyte at pollination. Mature seed are not enclosed in a fruit as are those of flowering plants. Gymnosperms are best known for their characteristic cones, called strobili. These strobili display sporangia and their subsequently developing ovules and pollens. Gymnosperms do not require water for sperm to swim to reach the egg as do seedless plants. Instead, immense amount of windblown pollen are produced. Most gymnosperm cones, including the familiar pine cone, are complex whorls of leaflike, woody scales around a central axis. The smallest cones include those of the junipers (Juniperus) which have flesh scales fused into a structure resembling a berry. The larger cones may weigh 45 kg and are produced by cycads. We will write a custom essay sample on Angiosperms and Gymnosperms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Angiosperms and Gymnosperms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Angiosperms and Gymnosperms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In most gymnosperm species, the female megastrobilus is larger and distinctive from the male microstrobilus. MATERIALS: 1. Living or preserved specimens of * Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) * Cycad (Cycad sp. ) * Pine (Pinus sp. ) 2. Prepared slide of gymnosperms 3. Compound microscope 4. Dissecting microscope 5. Slide and coverslip 6. Forceps 7. Distilled water PROCEDURE: A ginkgo: 1. A prepared slide of male strobilus of Ginkgo biloba is examined. The microsporophyll, microsporangium, and strobilus axis are identified. 2. A prepared slide of female strobilus of Ginkgo biloba is examined. The megasporophyll, megasporangium, and strobilus axis are identified. A cycad: 1. A female cycad is examined. The leaves, megasporophylls, megasporangia and developing seed are identified. 2. The pollen cone bears on male cycad. Pollinated cone is examined and microsporophyll, microsporangia, and pollen grains are identified. A pine: 1. A male cone and female cone of Pinus sp. are obtained. 2. A prepared slide of longitudinal section of female cone is examined. The megasporophyll, megasporangia, and ovule are looked. 3. A prepared slide of longitudinal section of male cone is examined. The microsporophyll, microsporangia, and pollen grains are looked. 4. Fertilization occurs after the pollen tube penetrates the megasporangium and allows sperm to enter the archegonium and fuses with the egg. The zygote will form after fertilization. A prepared slide of the developing embryo of Pinus sp. is examined. 5. Mature seed cone is obtained. The seed with wing attached to the ovuliferous scale is found. 6. The anatomy of pine leaf one needle is examined. The following: epidermis, stoma, photosynthetic mesophyll, endodermis, phloem, xylem, and resin duct are identified. RESULTS Cross section of Ginkgo Biloba Cross section of Cycad Cross section of female pine Cross section of male pine EXPERIMENT 2: Angiosperms INTRODUCTION: Angiosperms are the most abundant, diverse, and widespread of all land plants. They are successful because they are structurally diverse, have efficient vascular systems, share a variety of mutualisms (especially with insects and fungi), and have short generation times. Flowering plants are important to human because our world economy is overwhelmingly based on them. Indeed, we eat and use vegetative structures (roots, stems and leaves) as well as reproductive structure (flowers, seeds, and fruits). You will find that many of the vegetative structures are quite similar to those of more ancient plants shown. The roots, stems, and leaves of flowering plants function just as those of ferns and cone bearing plants. Flowers and fruits, however are unique adaptations of angiosperms. Biologists believe that the extraordinary adaptiveness of these structures has led to the proliferation of the incredible diversity found among flowering plants. MATERIALS: 1. Living specimens of angiosperms (dicots monocots) with roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Imperata cylindrical, zea mays, Carica papaya, Phaseolus sp. ) 2. Prepared slide of angiosperms (dicots monocots) 3. Compound microscope 4. Dissecting microscope 5. Slide and coverslip 6. Forceps 7. Distilled water PROCEDURE: Roots: 1. A root of dicots and monocots are obtained for morphology and anatomy study. 2. The root systems of representative dicot and monocot are looked. 3. Cross section of dicot root shows the central stele is surrounded by a thick cortex and epidermis. The following: epidermis, cortex, parenchyma cells, starch grains, pericycle, endodermis, phloem, and xylem are identified. 4. Cross section of monocot roor shows this root has a vascular cylinder of xylem and phloem that surrounds a central pith. The following: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pith, phloem, and xylem are identified. 5. A prepared slide of the roots for some other species is obtained and their structure is identified. Stems: 1. The longitudinal section of shoot tip of representative dicot and monocot is studied. The following: leaf, leaf primordium, apical meristem, ground meristem, axillary bud, vascular bundle, and pith are identified. 2. A dicot and monocot is obtained and a cross section of the stems is made and the arrangement of vascular bundles is examined. The anatomy between this dicot and monocot is compared. 3. For both type of plants, epidermis, cortex, phloem, xylem, cambium, pith, and vascular bundle are identified. Leaves: 1. Fresh specimen provided in lab is looked. Flowering plants show a variety of morphology to identify, such as, leaf arrangements and leaf venation. 2. Using fresh prepared slide or prepared slide of some flowering plants, the structure of the leaves is studied. The leaves have common features: cuticle, air space, lower epidermis, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and vascular bundle are noticed. Flowers: 1. The longitudinal section of some flowers is looked. The parts of a flower: stigma, pistil, style, ovary, sepal, receptacle, peduncle, petal, filament, stamen, and anther are named. 2. A prepared slide of a cross section of mature anther (lily anther) is examined. Sections of the four microsporangia are found. Pollen grains within a microsporangium is looked. 3. A prepared slide of a cross section of an ovary (lily ovary). The several ovules are found. Megaspore mother cell within megasporangium is looked. The megasporangium develops is studied. The placenta, integuments, microphyle, egg cell, central cell, and polar nuclei are identified. 4. The demonstration slide of double fertilization is observed and the zygote, primary endosperm nucleus, and central cell of the female gametophyte are identified. Fruits and seeds 1. A sample of dry, dehiscent fruits (peanuts) is obtained. The fruit wall, cotyledon, plumule of embryo, embryo, radical, cotyledon, and seed coat are identified. 2. A sample of simple flesy fruits (tomato, a berry) is obtained. Pericarp, mesocarp, endocarp, locule, seed and placenta are identified. 3. A prepared slide of corn grain (Zea mays), a caryopsis fruit is examined. The pericarp of a corn grains is tightly united and inseparable from the seed. The pricarp, endosperm, cotyledon, coleoptiles, plumule bud, embryo, radical, and coleorhizae are identified. RESULTS Cross section of root Cross section of stem Cross section of leaves Cross section of flower Cross section of seed DISCUSSION For the lower vascular plants the important evolutionary development was in the water and food conducting tissues of the sporophyte. As we move on through the plant kingdom the next important development was the seed. The free living gametophyte is a vulnerable phase of the life cycle. Reproduction by seeds is a less chancy procedure and has other advantages for plant survival and dispersal. Seeds can be remarkably tolerant of environmental extremes heat, cold and drought. Unlike free-living gametophytes seeds can postpone their development until conditions are right. And, of course, we find them very convenient for plant propagation. Already in the coal-measure forests there were plants that reproduced by seeds. Some were the so-called seed ferns. Others were the ancestors of the plants we now know collectively as gymnosperms. In these plants the seeds are not enclosed in an ovary, as in the flowering plants; they grow on the surface of a modified leaf in a strobilus or cone. Gymnosperm means naked seed. Alternation of generations is still involved in the reproduction of these plants. They are all heterosporous: the microspores are shed as pollen, whereas the megaspore germinates in the strobilus to produce the female gametophyte. The archegonia in this gametophyte get fertilized by sperm from the male gametophyte and the zygote grows to produce an embryo which is enclosed in a seed coat of tissue from the parent plant. Gymnosperms were the dominant land plants in the age of dinosaurs, the Cretaceous and  Jurassic periods. The surviving gymnosperms in the Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta and Ginkgophyta are similar in their woody habit and pattern of seed development but are not closely related. The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower. Flowers show remarkable variation in form and elaboration, and provide the most trustworthy external characteristics for establishing relationships among angiosperm species. The function of the flower is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of  fruit  containing  seeds. The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf (where the  petiole  attaches to the stem). Occasionally, as in  violets, a flower arises singly in the axil of an ordinary foliage-leaf. More typically, the flower-bearing portion of the plant is sharply distinguished from the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an  inflorescence. There are two kinds of reproductive cells produced by flowers. Microspores, which will divide to become  pollen grains, are the male cells and are borne in the  stamens  (or microsporophylls). The female cells called megaspores, which will divide to become the egg cell (megagametogenesis), are contained in the  ovule  and enclosed in thecarpel  (or megasporophyll). The flower may consist only of these parts, as in  willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as  sepals  and  petals  (or  tepalsin flowers such as  Magnolia  where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract  insect  or  bird  pollinators. Attraction is effected by color,  scent, and  nectar, which may be secreted in some part of the flower. The characteristics that attract pollinators account for the popularity of flowers and flowering plants among humans. While the majority of flowers are perfect or  hermaphrodite  (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and  physiological  mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, or vice versa, so animal  pollinators  cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil (receptive part of the carpel). Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism calledself-incompatibility  to discriminate between self- and non-self pollen grains. In other species, the male and female parts are morphologically separated, developing on different flowers. POST-LAB QUESTIONS: 1. How to distinguish between a male and female cone of pine? The male cone will form at the bottom of the tree and it is much smaller than the female and the male produces the pollen grains and the female produces the ovule and forms at the top of the tree. 2. Explain the characteristics of gymnosperm seeds to aid in dispersal. Many gymnosperms have winged seeds that aid in dispersal. Generally, gymnosperms have heavy seeds so the wings only assist in moving the seed a short distance from the parent plant. 3. List some uses for conifers. Economically, conifers are very important as they are a major source of timber. The majority of the world’s sawn timbers come from conifers. Exploitation of this resource from wild growing forests is still going on in many parts of the world, but there is an obvious trend especially in the developed world to phase this out and use more sustainable planted or seeded resources. There are many species with highly different wood properties, some of these are extremely valuable and used for fine cabinet making or expensive applications in construction. Wood from conifers is also an important source of pulp for paper and cellulose fibres such as rayon. Conifers also very important in horticulture, especially in regions with a temperate climate. Several species have yielded hundreds of different cultivars and new ones are constantly appearing on the market. In some countries conifers have a role to play in traditional medicine and in religious ceremonies and, of course, our Christmas trees can be seen as a form of this kind of use. A few conifers even have edible seeds; well known are those of certain pines. 4. Lists the common characteristics of seeds plants. i. They have vascular tissue ii. They use seeds to reproduce iii. They all have body plans that include leaves, stems, and roots. 5. Contrast between dicots and monocots, the two classes of flowering plants. Monocots| Dicots| Herbaceous| May be woody or herbaceous| Embryo with single cotyledon| Embryo with 2 cotyledons| Flower parts in multiple of three| Flower parts with multiple of 4 or 5| Parallel-veined leaves| Net-veined leaves| Bundles of vascular tissue are scattred throughout the stem| Vascular bundle in the stem forms rings| Roots are adventitious| Root develop from radicle| . Discuss the features of plant flowering fruits and seeds. Seeds  develop from ovules in the ovary, and at maturity consist of an  embryo  and a reserve food supply surrounded by a protective covering, the  seed coat. The diversity of flowering plants assures diversity among their seeds, but, unlike fruits, which have numerous variations, structural plans for seeds are few. The reserve food can be stored either in or out of the embryo and the  cotyledons, the seed leaves can remain either below ground or be elevated above the surface when germination occurs. Fruits are ripened ovaries containing seeds with sometimes additional flower or inflorescence tissues associated with them. Only angiosperms produce flowers and fruits. From a botanical viewpoint, many of the foods we eat as vegetables are fruits, for examples, tomatoes, green beans, squash, eggplant, and peppers. Fruits apparently arose as a means not only of protecting the seeds, but as a way to ensure their dispersal. REFERENCES 1. http://faculty. unlv. edu/landau/gymnosperms. htm 2. http://www. kew. org/plants/conifers/uses. html 3. http://edhelper. com/ReadingComprehension_37_251. html